﻿694
PŘEHLEDOVÉ3695202011151111167232285340403465523580
ČLÁNKY4301202011154107169233293349
/4675202011133
REVIEW4733202011157113173207263347
ARTICLES5105202011158120175208264317372423
Imaging32313230971986126171190235281
of35293230974367
COVID-19361332309747100144165219247284321
in39513230971863
critical4031323097366282109128165204224
care42723230973675102142
with44313230975979106151
a459932309738
focus46543230972468105150182
on48533230974489
chest49593230973681122154182
ultrasound5158323097446390117156188233278323369
|5584198011126
65565419801114593
/24288043010732
Anest25058043010752100145178207
intenziv273280430107196794136184221240282
Med.30338043010770115165181
2023;34(2):61-683233804301074487129173186231275300342365379424462485532577
/38558043010732
ANESTEZIOLOGIE39528043010753112156200245290342362425467527586607651
A46248043010753
INTENZIVNÍ4698804301071978123168227277297345405426
MEDICÍNA51468043010770114173194248268327381
www.aimjournal.cz4258043010765133201214257275349367415463490539579598614654693
the425216301072773114
lungs551216301071863108154184
is747216301071848
reproducible807216301072666113137181228272310326372389430
and1249216301074085132
can1392216301074078123
quantify1527216301074893131176200216237278
pulmonary1817216301074894110180225271309332372
involvement2201216301071963100144161199240310351396420
[37–40].263321610109256810914719423926028902163010715
A4252303010752
complete488230301074083153200217257282322
examination821230301074380118188204248286310326371416
of1249230301074768
all132923030107405672
the1413230301072772113
lung1538230301071963108154
zones1703230301073680125166197
(anterior1912230301072358103127166190207251276
and2199230301074085131
posterior2342230301074995125151191214231275300
divided2653230301074864102119165206252
by425244301075087
mid‑axillary534244301077490138164203241258275292330355396
line)95224430107193682124144
needs1117244301074991134182213
to1352244301072873
be1446244301075093
performed.1561244301074992117142188213286328376391
Each1973244301074282121167
zone2162244301073681128170
is2354244301071950
scored2425244301073473117143184232
in2679244301071864
four2765244301072469116140
degrees425258301074991139164205248280
from72325830107234995167
0-3908258301074472111
depending1037258301074991139182228276293339386
on1441258301074895
the1554258301072774116
pattern1688258301075090115144184209256
of1962258301074870
B‑lines205025830107457291108154196228
and2296258301074187134
A‑lines244825830107537897113159202233
that2699258301072875113139
is2856258301071849
visualised42527230107415889134173190207238280329
by769272301074987
the871272301072874117
investigator.1003272301071865102144175203220267306331376401412
By1430272301074584
assessing1529272301074172104146178210226272320
each1864272301074382120167
zone,2046272301073681128170183
one2244272301074895137
should2396272301073480127173190237
be2648272301075093
able2756272301074189107149
to425286301072872
describe510286301074890122160184201249291
and814286301074186133
quantify960286301074994132178203219241283
the1255286301072874116
perceived1383286301075093117154194210249290338
lung1734286301071964109156
changes1903286301074086124170217259290
which22062863010764111127165211
will243028630107648198114
eventually2557286301074482123169193239278294311349
culminate425300301074085101172188233271296336
to773300301072872
a8573003010740
score,910300301073371115139180192
the1114300301072873115
maximum12413003010773111148165236280351
of1604300301074869
which16863003010764110126164209
is1907300301071949
361968300301074485
(Tab.206530030107246699146159
1).223630030107435969
An2318300301075297
overall2428300301074785125149188205221
degree2661300301074990138162202244
of425314301074870
alveolo‑interstitial51731430107415897139186204250277296342367407432465492509535552590608
syndrome1147314301073372120167192237309352
can1521314301074080126
be1669314301074992
quantified1783314301074995134180205222244262304353
as2157314301074173
mild2252314301077390107154
disease242831430107496697139178209252
(score270231430107235492137162204
1-5),425328301074465106127139
moderate5803283010773120168211235275301341
disease93732830107496697139177209251
(score120432830107245493138163204
5-15),1424328301074469106142163175
severe1614328301073476115157181222
disease185232830107496697139178209251
(score211932830107245493138163204
>23393283010753
15)2408328301074480101
[15,2525328101092667106122
16,2662328101094686104
37].278132810109468811328903283010716
Pulmonary565342301074692110183231280320347390
changes980342301074189130178228272306
due1311342301075098142
to1479342301072875
COVID-1915793423010752110155175234264302340
can1945342301074082130
be2101342301075095
seen2222342301073478123172
on2419342301074998
CUS25423423010752108148
as2716342301074175
an2816342301074290
interstitial42535630107196692133159192220238265283323341
profile784356301074975122145164181224
with1026356301076584111158
singular120235630107335198146193211250276
or1496356301074874
confluent1588356301074085133156177224267314340
B‑lines194635630107457393110157200233
originating219735630107487492140158205245271289336384
from259935630107245197170
the2787356301072875118
surface425370301073480105131173212254
of704370301074871
the799370301072875119
pleura942370301075069112159185225
and1192370301074188137
a13533703010741
thickened141837030107287693133170212260303352
and1795370301074188136
irregular195637030107194471113162209227266292
pleural2272370301075069112159185225244
line254037030107193784127
(resulting26923703010723478912216818642538430107284693141
in588384301071865
diminished675384301074967139157204221253300343392
lung1089384301071965113161
sliding).127138430107345269118135182231253265
With1558384301077392120167
further174638430107247297127175218244
progression,2011384301075076122171197239271304321368416431
small24633843010734106146164182
patchy2666384301075090117154202239
subpleural425398301073480128177196239286312352370
consolidations811398301074086134166213232249298337364382429476508
are1335398301074166108
seen;1459398301073477121168182
then,1656398301072875119166181
the1852398301072875119
evolution1986398301074484130149195223241288335
and2337398301074188137
progression2489398301075076122171197239272304321368416
of425412301074871
these517412301072876119152195
subpleural733412301073480129178197240286312353371
consolidations1125412301074086134166213232250298338364382429477509
can1655412301074081128
be1804412301075094
found1919412301072471118165214
in2154412301071966
a22414123010741
picture2304412301074968107136183209251
mirroring2576412301077492117143190216234281329
the425426301072875118
pattern559426301075091117147188214262
of837426301074871
ARDS924426301075297155195
that1135426301072875115141
would12924263010765112159177225
necessitate1533426301074992132174206239256283324350392
ventilatory1941426301074083130156174192231257303329371
support2328426301073480129178226252282
[7,262642610109267281
8,2722426101094665
13,2802426101094686103
23]425440101094692114
(Figs.55744030107246482130162177
27524403010744
and814440301074188137
7).96844030107446677
CUS3187623010751105143
can334762301074079126
also34896230107415889135
help364062301074991109156
to381262301072873
triage39016230107285370109156199
a4116623010741
patient417362301075089115132174220245
to443462301072873
admission452362301074189160177208240256302349
to488862301072873
hospital497762301074895127174192218257275
or526862301074873
even535762301074482124170
to304776301072873
an313976301074187
intensive32457630107196590131177209225264306
care357076301074080104145
unit.373576301074794110137151
If390676301071941
a3966763010741
patient402676301075089115132174220245
is429076301071950
exhibiting435976301074482129145193210237254300347
symptoms472676301073372145193219264336367
of511276301074871
COVID-195202763010751107150169225253290326
and304790301074187135
presents319790301075075116148190237262295
with350790301076582109155
the367790301072874117
A‑pattern/profile,380990301075378127166192220261286333364409435480502520537579592
significant44169030107345097144160182200239279325350
COVID-194781903010751107150169225253290326
pneumonia512290301075097139185257303350367405
can3047104301074080126
be3190104301075093
largely330010430107195882128171188226
excluded.3543104301074482119137182230272320335
With3894104301077492119165
a40761043010741
progression4134104301075075120168193234266297314360407
from455810430107234994167
the4742104301072874116
prevailing4875104301075075116155195212229245291339
A‑profile5231104301075277127152197219237254296
in3047118301071965
the3129118301072875117
anterior3263118301074188113153178195242267
and3547118301074187135
apical3699118301074189106145185202
regions3918118301072768116133179226257
towards4193118301072872135175200246277
the4488118301072774116
B‑lines,462211830107457291107153196228242
the4881118301072874117
question5015118301074995137169196213259306
raises533911830107266683114156188
as3047132301074172
to3133132301072873
how3220132301074895158
many33911323010774113159196
B‑lines360113230107457291107153196228
and3843132301074087134
what39911323010765112151176
B‑line418113230107467291107153196
density4391132301074991137169185211252
there4657132301072874117141182
are4853132301074166107
as4974132301074172
they5060132301072874117154
correlate5228132301074085110136177194233258299
with3047146301076481107153
ground‑glass3212146301074973117163209256281330347385416447
opacities,3671146301074795134172189214231272304317
consolidations,4001146301074084130161206224240287325350366412458488502
and4516146301074086133
crazy4661146301074064103138179
paving4852146301074988126143188235
seen5100146301073375117163
on5275146301074794
a53811463010741
CT5434146301075194
scan.3047160301073372111157171
The3231160301074289131
condition3375160301074084131178194220237283329
is3717160301071950
easier3779160301074482113129171195
to3987160301072772
diagnose4072160301074865103150196242274316
with4400160301076582108154
progression4567160301074974119167191232264295311357403
to4983160301072872
the5068160301072874116
confluent5196160301074085131153173218260306331
B‑lines,304717430107457189105150192223237
lung3296174301071963109155
consolidation3464174301073983129160205223239285323348364410455
with3932174301076481106152
or4096174301074872
without4180174301076581107153198244269
dynamic4462174301074886132170241257295
bronchogram,4769174301074974118164202247293340364403474487
and5268174301074086133
the5413174301072773114
3rd3047188301074468114
to3181188301072873
4th3274188301074470116
degree3410188301074992140165206249
of3679188301074870
the3769188301072875117
alveolo‑interstitial390618830107415898139186204250278296342367408433465492509536553591608
syndrome4535188301073372120167192237309352
often4907188301074870100141187
with5114188301076583109156
pleural5290188301075067110156180220237
enhancement3047202301074491138177224263304377420467492
(Fig.356320230107246380128143
4).372920230107446476
At3828202301075378
this392920230107287592123
stage,4076202301073361101149192205
CUS43042023010752106145
findings447220230107244289137154201249281
are4776202301074166108
highly4907202301074865113160178216
specific5146202301073482126166183205224263
for543220230107247096
some3047216301073480152195
of3258216301074870
the3344216301072875117
advanced3477216301074189128168214253294342
stages3835216301073461100148190222
of4073216301074870
ARDS4160216301075296153192
including4368216301071965104121167214231277325
COVID-1947092163010751107150169225253290326
related505121630107266885124149190238
(Fig.530521630107246480127142
6)5463216301074464
and,3047230301074187135148
therefore,3212230301072774116141182204250275316329
the3557230301072874116
patient3690230301074989114131173220245
will395123030107658299116
likely408323030107193672113130169
require4268230301072668116161178203244
ICU4528230301071969123
admission4667230301074188160177208239256302349
[6,503223010109266885
23,5133230101094691107
38,5255230101094791108
41].537923010109468510454802303010716
Volpicelli3187244301074689107155172211251269286302
has3509244301074887119
suggested3648244301073378126174216248275316364
triaging403224430107285370109156173219267
patients4319244301074989115132174220245278
based4617244301075089121163212
on4849244301074794
CUS49632443010752105144
finding512724430107234187135152198245
into539224430107196590135
four3047258301072470117142
groups3212258301074974120167215247
as3482258301074173
follows:357825830107247089106153216249262
1)3863258301074561
high3947258301074865113160
probability4130258301075076121170210259276294310337378
CUS45312583010752107145
pattern;4699258301075091116145187212259272
2)4994258301074465
intermediate508225830107196691132157231274322339378404445
probability3047272301075075120168208256273290307333374
CUS34432723010751105143
pattern;3608272301074989115143184209256268
3)3898272301074463
alternate398327230107415884125150197236261302
CUS43062723010752106144
pattern;4471272301075090115144185209256269
and4762272301074187134
4)4918272301074464
low5003272301072066129
probability5154272301074974120168208256273290307333374
CUS30472863010751105143
pattern3211286301075090115144184209256
[1,348828610109266780
41].358828610109468510436892863010716
This3725286301074290107138
triaging388428630107275270108156173219267
system4171286301073473105132173245
also443728630107415889135
allows459328630107415875121184216
for483028630107246995
finding494528630107244288136152198246
probable5212286301075075120168208256274316
alternate304730030107415885126151198238263304
diagnoses3374300301075067105153200247279322354
that3751300301072875114140
may39143003010774113150
be4087300301075094
masquerading42043003010774113145193239282307347395412459507
as4733300301074273
the4829300301072875118
COVID-1949703003010751108151170227255292328
disease.532130030107506798141179304731430107347689
The3158314301074290133
intermediate331331430107196590131155228270319335374399440
pattern3775314301075090115144185209256
with4054314301076582109155
less423131430107196294125
dense4378314301074992138169212
B‑lines461231430107467291107153196228
(e.g.,486231430107246376124138152
B4-7)5036314301074590117154177
may52353143010774113150
not5407314301074895120
correlate3047328301074085110136177195233259300
with3369328301076583109156
the3547328301072875117
aforementioned3687328301074163109134175247290336361378425471514562
CT4275328301075197
picture4400328301075070111143192219263
of4691328301074873
COVID-1947923283010752110156177236267307346
interstitial516632830107196795139166201231251280300341361
pneumonitis3047342301075099144193267317368389420442477
or3552342301074878
ARDS,36583423010752100162206224
and3910342301074192144
those4082342301072879130166213
patients4323342301075094124145192243272310
may46613423010774117159
benefit4848342301074997148195221244274
from5151342301072353103180
a53593423010741
CT5428342301075199
examination3047356301074385128203224273316345366416466
to3534356301072876
confer3632356301073988138164209237
a38913563010740
differential395235630107496995125170199243293322343385406
diagnosis4380356301074869111162212262298318353
[6,475435610109257193
42]4867356101094691117
(Figs.500535630107246787138173192
352183563010743
and5282356301074191142
4).544535630107436782
The3047370301074294140
high3209370301074869120171
probability3401370301075079128181225277298320340371416
CUS38393703010751109151
group4012370301074877126177229
has4262370301074892127
been4411370301074997144194
described4627370301074995131174203225276324376
as5025370301074076
potentially51233703010749101130175226255276319340361404
indicating3047384301071969121143186230260281332384
peripheral3460384301075098127149201252299328373394
ground‑glass3884384301074978127178229281312366387431467503
opacities44163843010748101145188209240262308345
on4790384301074899
CT4918384301075299
and,5047384301074191143162
thus,5238384301072879129164183
as5450384301074177
a30473983010741
compelling3110398301074089166218266288309330380432
predictor3564398301075080125178199242275324354
of3940398301074874
an4037398301074091
impending4150398301071995147195245297319369421
positive45933983010750102138159189211255301
RT‑PCR4916398301074590115165219266
test.5204398301072873110141160
The5386398301074295141
light304741230107194092142172
beam3241412301074997139216
sign3478412301073455107157
(described3657412301072473120156199228250302350402
as4081412301074177
a41804123010741
linear424341230107194090137180209
artefact4474412301074069103148174219262295
seen4791412301073480128179
emerging49924123010743119166195246267318370
and5384412301074091143
disappearing3047426301074971107151204257305348378400451503
with3582426301076688119170
respiration)3784426301072773110162184213258288310361413437
in4253426301071970
early4355426301074487116139182
disease4569426301074971106154197233280
seen4881426301073481129180
in5093426301071970
the5195426301072880127
high5354426301074870122173
probability3047440301074978126178221272293314334364408
LUS3476440301074095137
group3634440301074876125174225
has3880440301074890125
been4026440301074995142191
described4238440301074994130172200221272319370
as4629440301074075
a47254403010741
CUS47864403010751108150
sign4957440301073353103153
potentially5131440301074999129173222251272314335355397
Fig.425459001255586134160
6.598459001255378
CUS733460501074899135
findings88146050107234186130148193237266
of1160460501074466
severe1239460501073167105141166202
COVID-19:14534605010748102145162218246282316331
A17974605010748
enhancing1858460501073783127171217253270315359
pleura2230460501074563100145170211
with2454460501076279104149
multiple26164605010770115132157175219237274
B3-42903460501074381107150
lines,306546050107193681119149165
B32424605010743
thickened329846050107267188125160197242279324
pleura363546050107446299144169211
with3858460501076279104149
coalescent4020460501073779124142179209245281326351
B-lines438346050107437089106151189219
on4615460501074490
the4717460501072671109
left483846050107195678107
side495746050107314892129
of5099460501074466
the5178460501072671108
image,5299460501071988132176214229
correlating425471501073780105131167185230255273318363
with801471501076280105151
ground-glass965471501074570113159205249276323341385415445
opacities;1423471501074590135172190216233271302316
C17524715010748
thickened181447150107267189126162199245282327
pleura2155471501074563101146171213
due2381471501074590128
to2522471501072669
inflammation;260547150107186486106150221291336362379424470484
D31024715010756
pleural3171471501074564101147172214232
space3416471501073175120157193
after362247150107456896132158
drainage3793471501074570112130176220265303
of4109471501074568
pneumothorax4190471501074591129174245289315360405430472509
due4713471501074589127
to4853471501072670
barotrauma;4936471501074590115159184209252296367412426
note5376471501074690116152
the425482501072672110
chest552482501073783121152179
drain747482501074571113132178
in941482501071864
between1022482501074584110174212250297
the1335482501072672110
pleural1461482501074664102148174216235
layers1712482501071964101138164195
confirming1923482501073881128150169194265284330375
full231448250107236987106
lung2436482501071964110155
expansion2607482501073877122168214244261306353
(35);2976482501072464102124137
E31294825010740
coalescent3185482501073881127145183214251288334359
B-lines,356048250107447191109155193224241
3rd38174825010741385848300631541
degree3915482501074583129154191229
alveolo-interstitial4161482501074563101138184202247276295341366403429460486504530548593611
syndrome4788482501073269115160186230302340
and5144482501074592137
ARDS5297482501074891147185
Tab.425608012561110164190
1.63260801255478
CUS755623010748101138
derived91062301074583109127165202248
lung117462301071964110156
score,134662301073168111137174190
adapted155262301074691136182207244289
from18586230107234993165
Bouhemad203962301074489135181220291336382
and243762301074592137
Mongodi2591623010767113160205250296314
(37,42573301072566105113
38).56473301074385109123
Pleural71373301074462102150177221241
involvement98073301071967105152172211250324365413440
is144573301071950
described152173301074686119158185204251292339
as188673301074778
subpleural199073301073278125173193233281308352372
consolidations238873301073883132163210230249296344371390437486517
and42584301074592137
thickened5788430107267290128164202248286332
pleura.92684301074564102148173216233
Tissue-like11758430107405989119163201229248266303340
pattern153284301074591116145181207253
=1801843010754
consolidation187184301073881127157201220238284329355373418464
Lung4569800983985132179
score45610800983370115145187
Description8299800985597131168197219266295316362409
Classic14249800984768110144177199235
interpretation1676980098206795137166214243285315357385406452499
on142510800984592
LUS153310800984092134
Modified224198009866112160181208231273321
interpretation2578980098216796137167224110800984776118148190218239285331
on258910800984592
LUS269710800984092134
Score45712030953774115140178
0653120309539
Normal83012030955194119185222239
aeration10871203095367599137161178221265
A1425120309547
lines,14901203095173376116146161
21668120309539
B-lines17251203095406684101144183214
maximum1425130309566102138155221263329
A-lines,22411203095477189106149189219233
22492120309539
B-lines25481203095416785102145184215
maximum2241130309566102138155221263329
Score45714230953774115140178
1653142309539
Moderate830142309562106151190214251276314
loss11611423095176191121
of129914230954365
aeration83015230953676100137162179222265
≥1425142309548
well-spaced149014230955897114131156187231268305343388
B1895142309540
lines19531423095173477116146
Involvement22411423095176096138156193232297337380405
of266314230954364
the274514230952568107
pleura224115230954462101144168205
<2464152309548
50252915230953978
%2624152309559
Score45716430953774115140178
2653164309539
Severe83016430953777113152176214
loss10621643095176090120
of120016430954264
aeration83017430953676100137162179222265
Coalescent142516430954687125142181212248286330354
B1796164309541
lines18541643095173477116147
Involvement22411643095176095138156192231297337380404
of266316430954264
the274416430952568108
pleura224117430954462101144168205
>2464174309548
50252917430953978
%2624174309559
Score45718630953774115140178
3653186309539
Complete83018630954687154198216255280319
loss11661863095176090120
of83019630954364
aeration9121963095367699137161178221265
Tissue-like14251863095375686116158197223242258292331
pattern177318630954582106134172196240
Tissue-like22411863095375686116158197223242258292331
pattern258918630954582106134172196240